Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by weak and brittle bones that are more susceptible to fractures. It develops when bone density and quality deteriorate over time.
What causes osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis can be caused by a variety of factors:
- Aging - As we get older, bone density naturally decreases as bone tissue breaks down faster than new bone can form. This causes bones to gradually become weaker and more porous. Women are especially at risk due to menopause and dropping estrogen levels.
- Genetics - People with a family history of osteoporosis are more likely to develop it. Genetic factors can determine bone health and density.
- Nutrition - Low calcium and vitamin D intake can contribute to bone loss. These nutrients are essential for building strong bones.
- Lifestyle - Lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and being underweight can weaken bones over time. Weight-bearing exercise boosts bone strength.
What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?
Often there are no visible symptoms until a fracture occurs. Some signs can include:
- Loss of height over time
- Stooped posture
- Back pain due to fractured or collapsing vertebrae
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
Doctors use these methods to test for osteoporosis:
- Bone mineral density (BMD) tests - Specialized x-rays called DXA scans measure bone density. Lower density indicates osteoporosis.
- Blood and urine tests - To check for issues causing bone loss like low hormones or calcium.
What treatments can help manage osteoporosis?
- Medications - Bisphosphonates, hormone therapy, RANK ligand inhibitors help slow bone loss.
- Nutrition - Adequate calcium, vitamin D, and protein intake helps strengthen bones.
- Exercise - Weight-bearing activities like walking, jogging, tennis boost bone density. Resistance training also helps.
- Lifestyle changes - Limit alcohol, stop smoking, prevent falls to protect bones.
I hope this overview on osteoporosis gives you a good understanding of this common bone disease!